That is, women are more likely to remain within the confines of the home and camp for cultural and economic reasons which are both reinforced by the effects of overcrowding. Gove and Hughes (1983) distinguish between objective crowding and subjective crowding (1983:74). affects women's access to social and economic resources as it increases their responsibilities in the home. Particular attention is given to dimensions most often addressed in the literature: social behaviour and relationships, psychological well-being, and physical health. 2.1 Important theoretical concepts on overcrowding. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Sociology is founded on three core concepts:, Sociology emerged and developed in the 18th and 19th centuries in Europe as democracy and personal freedom increased as did the reliance on reason and science to explain the natural and social worlds. The old prefab units were substituted by block rooms, with a small courtyard to grow a vine or lemon tree or vegetables. Answer: (a) 'Health' is defined as a state of physical, emotional, mental and social well being of a person. High population density in urban areas, in particular, "the disintegration of small community associations that give individuals health social contacts, security, social control, personal identification and stability of culture" is linked to increased levels of emotional stress, social disorganization, and physical conflict (Morgan 1972). On the other hand, some camps are situated in rural areas which provide agricultural work for refugees (Abu Libdeh et al. Nonetheless, there is a great deal of concern about the issue and a belief that it is of critical importance. Social and Psychological Effects of Overcrowding in Palestinian Refugee Camps, The Literature on Social and Psychological Effects of Overcrowding: An explanatory note, Social and Psychological Effects of Overcrowding in Refugee Camps in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, crowded and overburdened social services, and, limited public spaces and buildings for meeting socially. Hotline: 0915-885-558 (8h - 21h) issued in 2009, addressed two consolidated class-action suits, one filed in 1990, the other in . The social and psychological effects of overcrowding are immediate, long-term, cumulative, multiple, mutually reinforcing, direct as well as indirect, and critical. A broader and more realistic definition of overcrowding reveals that more than a million and a half children are enrolled in overcrowded schools. In Rafah Camp in Gaza, where lane-ways do exist, there is not enough room for both a coffin and people on each side to carry it, hence the deceased are carried in coffins over roofs. Gardens and trees, planted in initial attempts to mimic the environment of refugees' original homes, were replaced by room additions or extensions (Mansour 1998:4). It states: in relation to human health the 'environment' includes not only the physical and biological elements of nature, but also human-based systems-cultural, artifactual, economic, political, technological, spiritual and relational-that make up the settings in which people live (Shaefer 1993). Crowding and the Coronavirus: By the Numbers - Education Week Gove, Walter R. and Hughes, Michael (1983). There is a need for further study to unravel the inter-relationships of numerous effects and conditions associated with overcrowding. The result is that children and adults living in crowded conditions get more infections and more severe infections. The following sections examines findings in the literature on the relationship between overcrowding and health. Social and psychological effects of overcrowding are experienced among individuals and within relationships at the following levels: exposure to others' behaviours and personal activities between families and households, since: multi-family households are common and space within households is constricted within the camp as a whole, due to: between camp residents and the wider society in the West Bank and Gaza, due to: marginalization of refugees as a group within wider society.